Tiling over terrazzo floors: a comprehensive guide

Terrazzo tiles are a stunning finish. But that doesn’t always mean they’re the right finish. You’re reading this because, we assume, you have an aesthetic vision for your space that your existing terrazzo flooring just doesn’t match. So you want to renovate your floors.

Removing your terrazzo is one option. But maybe you don’t have the time or money to spare. Can’t you just tile over it? Yes, you can — as long as you do it correctly.

In this guide, we'll walk you through everything you need to know about tiling over terrazzo floors. We'll cover the feasibility, preparation steps, the actual tiling process, and some important considerations.

This is a bit of a DIY guide. But if you just want to know whether tiling over is possible and you’d rather leave the work to Melbourne’s terrazzo flooring experts, give us a call to book a consultation.

We weren’t kidding when we said this guide would be comprehensive. If you want to skip around to what’s relevant to you, here’s what we’ll cover.

Contents

• Can you tile over terrazzo flooring?
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  • Feasibility and factors to consider before tiling over terrazzo.
• Tools checklist
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  • List of tools and materials needed for tiling over terrazzo.
• Prepping terrazzo for tile
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  • Detailed steps to prepare the terrazzo surface for tiling.
• How to tile over terrazzo
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  • A comprehensive guide on the tiling process from start to finish.
• Different types of flooring to cover terrazzo
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  • Overview of various flooring options that can be installed over terrazzo, including pros and cons
    
• Common mistakes to avoid
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  • Common pitfalls to avoid during the tiling process.
• FAQs
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  • Answers to frequently asked questions about tiling over terrazzo.

Can you tile over terrazzo flooring?

The short answer is yes, you can tile over terrazzo flooring. However, there are several important factors to consider to ensure the new tiles adhere properly and the floor remains structurally sound.

First, assess the condition of your existing terrazzo floor. It needs to be in good shape and free of cracks, loose sections, or significant damage. A structurally sound base is crucial for the success of your tiling project. If the terrazzo floor is damaged, it's best to repair it first or consult with a professional (ahem).

Tools checklist

Here’s a comprehensive list of tools and materials you’ll need for tiling over terrazzo, including safety recommendations:

• Cleaning supplies:
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  • Terrazzo-specific cleaner
  • Mop and bucket
  • Vacuum cleaner
• Surface preparation tools:
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  • Floor grinder or sandpaper
  • Diamond wheel (for mechanical abrasion)
  • Brush or roller (for applying bonding agent)
  • Protective plastic sheeting (to cover belongings)
• Tiling tools:
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  • Notched trowel
  • Tile spacers
  • Rubber float (for grouting)
  • Mixing bucket
  • Sponge
• Materials:
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  • Bonding agent
  • Thinset mortar (cementitious or epoxy-based)
  • Tiles
  • Grout
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
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  • Safety goggles
  • Dust mask or respirator
  • Ear protection
  • Glovesf
  • Knee pads
• Safety and protection items:
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  • Protective sheeting or drop cloths (to cover floors and furniture)
  • Painter’s tape (to secure sheeting)
  • Ventilation equipment (fans or open windows to ensure proper airflow)

Prepping Terrazzo for Tile

Preparation is key to achieving good adhesion between the terrazzo and the new tiles. Here are the steps you need to follow:

Cleaning

Start by thoroughly cleaning the terrazzo surface to remove any dirt, wax, or sealers. Use a terrazzo-specific cleaner or a mild detergent and water. Avoid harsh chemicals that can damage the terrazzo.

• Steps for cleaning:
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  • Sweep or vacuum the floor to remove loose debris.
  • Mop the floor with a pH-neutral cleaner to eliminate any grime or residues.
  • Rinse the floor with clean water and let it dry completely.

Mechanical abrasion

To ensure the tiles bond well, you'll need to roughen the terrazzo surface. This can be done using mechanical abrasion techniques such as sanding or grinding. The goal is to create a texture that allows the thinset mortar to adhere effectively.

• Steps for mechanical abrasion:
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  • Use a floor grinder with a diamond wheel or sandpaper to lightly abrade the surface.
  • Ensure consistent roughness across the entire floor to avoid weak spots.
  • Vacuum the floor again to remove all dust and debris created during abrasion.

Bonding Agent

Apply a high-quality bonding agent to the prepared terrazzo surface. This step is crucial for enhancing the adhesion between the terrazzo and the new tile layer.

• Steps for applying a bonding agent:
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  • Choose a bonding agent compatible with the type of terrazzo (cement-based or epoxy).
  • Follow the manufacturer's instructions for mixing and applying the agent.
  • Use a brush or roller to apply an even coat over the entire surface.
  • Allow the bonding agent to cure completely before proceeding to the next step.

How to tile over terrazzo

Once the terrazzo floor is properly prepped, you can move on to tiling. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

Choose the right materials

Use a thinset mortar suitable for terrazzo. For cement-based terrazzo, a cementitious thinset works best, while epoxy-based terrazzo requires an epoxy thinset.

Apply the thinset

Spread the thinset mortar evenly over the terrazzo surface using a notched trowel. Ensure a uniform layer to avoid any air pockets.

• Steps for applying thinset:
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  • Mix the thinset mortar according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
  • Using a notched trowel, apply the thinset at a 45-degree angle.
  • Spread the mortar evenly, ensuring consistent coverage.
  • Comb the mortar with the notched edge of the trowel to create grooves for better adhesion.

Lay the tiles

Begin laying the tiles from the centre of the room, working your way outwards. This ensures a symmetrical layout. Press each tile firmly into the thinset and use spacers to maintain even grout lines.

• Steps for laying tiles:
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  • Plan the layout before applying any tiles to avoid misalignment.
  • Place each tile carefully, pressing it into the thinset to ensure good contact.
  • Use tile spacers to maintain consistent grout lines between tiles.
  • Periodically check for level and adjust tiles as necessary.

Let the tiles set

Allow the thinset to cure according to the manufacturer's instructions. This usually takes 24-48 hours.

• Steps for setting tiles:
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  • Avoid walking on the newly laid tiles until the thinset has fully cured.
  • Ensure the room is well-ventilated to promote proper curing.

 Apply grout

Once the tiles are set, apply grout between the tiles using a rubber float. Wipe off excess grout with a damp sponge and let it dry. Ensure the grout is evenly distributed and covers all the gaps.

• Steps for grouting:
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  • Mix the grout according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
  • Apply the grout diagonally across the tiles to fill the joints.
  • Remove excess grout with a rubber float.
  • Wipe the tiles with a damp sponge to remove grout haze.
  • Allow the grout to cure fully before using the floor.

Clean the tile surface

After the grout has cured, clean the tile surface to remove any haze left from the grout.

• Steps for cleaning the surface:
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  • Use a grout haze remover if necessary.
  • Buff the tiles with a dry cloth to achieve a clean, polished look.

All getting a bit much?

Fair enough, there’s a lot to be done and very little room for error. If you’d rather not do it yourself, book a consultation with our terrazzo specialists.

Different types of flooring to cover terrazzo

Tiling isn't the only option if you want to update your terrazzo floor. Here are some popular flooring options and considerations for each:

Laminate flooring

• Feasibility: Laminate flooring can be installed over terrazzo as long as the surface is clean, flat, and in good condition.
• Preparation: Use an appropriate underlayment to provide cushioning and moisture protection.
• Pros: Easy installation, variety of styles.
• Cons: Less durable than tile, can be damaged by water.

Vinyl flooring

• Feasibility: Vinyl flooring, including luxury vinyl planks and tiles, can be installed over terrazzo.
• Preparation: Ensure the terrazzo is clean and level. A primer may be needed for better adhesion.
• Pros: Water-resistant, affordable, and easy to install.
• Cons: May require leveling compounds for uneven surfaces.

Carpet

• Feasibility: Carpet can be laid over terrazzo with the use of an appropriate underlay.
• Preparation: Clean the terrazzo thoroughly and install a moisture barrier if needed.
• Pros: Comfortable, insulating.

Cons: Prone to staining and wear, less durable.

Hardwood flooring

• Feasibility: Engineered hardwood can be installed over terrazzo, while solid hardwood may require additional preparation.
• Preparation: Ensure the terrazzo is level and use an appropriate underlayment.
• Pros: Aesthetic appeal, durable.
• Cons: Sensitive to moisture and temperature changes.

Epoxy flooring

• Feasibility: Epoxy can be applied directly over terrazzo.
• Preparation: Thorough cleaning and mechanical abrasion for good adhesion.
• Pros: Extremely durable, seamless finish.
• Cons: Professional installation recommended, potential for slipperiness when wet.

Concrete flooring

• Feasibility: Concrete can be poured over terrazzo, creating a new, durable surface.
• Preparation: Ensure the terrazzo is clean and roughened to promote adhesion.
• Pros: Durable, customizable with stains and finishes.
• Cons: Requires professional installation, heavy, and potential cracking if not properly prepared.

Common mistakes to avoid

When tiling over terrazzo, avoiding these common mistakes can ensure a successful project:

• Inadequate cleaning: Not thoroughly cleaning the terrazzo can prevent proper adhesion.
• Skipping mechanical abrasion: Skipping this step can result in poor bonding of the thinset.
• Incorrect thinset: Using the wrong type of thinset for your terrazzo type (cement-based or epoxy) can cause issues.
• Improper layout: Not planning the tile layout can lead to misalignment and uneven grout lines.
• Rushing the curing process: Not allowing enough time for the thinset and grout to cure can compromise the durability of your tiled floor.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I tile over any type of terrazzo? 

Yes, you can tile over both cement-based and epoxy terrazzo, provided the surface is properly prepared.

How long does the tiling process take? 

Depending on the size of the area and drying times, the entire process, including preparation, tiling, and curing, can take several days to a week.

Do I need to seal the tiles after grouting? 

Sealing the tiles and grout can help protect them from stains and moisture, extending the life of your tiled floor.

What type of tiles can be used over terrazzo? 

With proper preparation, most types of tiles, including ceramic, porcelain, and natural stone, can be used over terrazzo.

Can I DIY the tiling over terrazzo? 

While it is possible to DIY, we recommend professional installation for the best results and to avoid common mistakes.